Title of the Paper: ICT Outsourcing: Inherent Risks, Issues and Challenges
Authors: Noor Habibah Arshad, Yap May-Lin, Azlinah Mohamed
Abstract: The Malaysian government has worked together with non-governmental entities to develop and operate internal management systems as well as deliver public services to citizens. Much attention has been given to the computerization of government ministries and agencies to improve the government�s capacity to carry out its tasks and cope with the future challenges in order to achieve performance goals. The aims of this research are to determine the ICT services that are currently being outsourced and to describe the inherent risks, issues and challenges in ICT outsourcing in the Malaysian public sector. The findings from this research showed that network services is the most common ICT services activity that is being outsourced and that outsourcers who do not comply with contract has the most influence on ICT outsourcing inherent risks. The main issue raised in ICT outsourcing is the inappropriateness of ICT projects being outsourced. Through the findings, public sector organizations would be able to identify the most common ICT services outsourced, analyse the inherent risks, and address the issues that are being raised. In so doing, the potential impact of failure can be anticipated and dealt with accordingly.
Keywords: ICT Outsourcing; ICT Services Outsourced; Inherent Risk; Issues in Outsourcing
Title of the Paper: Historical and Prognostic Risk Measuring Across Stocks and Markets
Authors: Elza Jurun, Snje�ana Pivac and Josip Arnerić
Abstract: Value at Risk defines the maximum expected loss on an investment over a specified horizon at a given confidence level. Together with conditional Value at Risk today is used by many banks and financial institutions as a key measure for market risk. For any investor on stock market it is very important to predict possible loss, depending on if he holds "long" or "short" position. By forecasting stock risk investor can be ensured "a priori" from estimated market risk, using financial derivatives, i.e. options, forwards, futures and other instruments. In that sense we find financial econometrics as the most useful tool for modeling conditional mean and conditional variance of nonstationary financial time series. Besides the assumption of normal distributed returns does not represent asymmetry of information influence, normal distribution also is not the most appropriate approximation of the real data on the stock market. Using assumption of heavy tailed distribution, such as Student's t-distribution in GARCH(p,q) model, it becomes possible to forecast market risk much more precisely. Even more, using Student's distribution with non-integer degrees of freedom leads approximation to minimal differences between theoretical and real values. Such modeling enables time-varying risk forecasting, because the assumption of constant risk measures between stocks is unrealistic. The basic aim of this paper is comparative analysis of historic and prognostic risk measures, taking into account appropriate distribution assumption. The complete procedure of analysis has been established using real observed data at Zagreb Stock Exchange. For these purpose daily returns of the most frequently traded stocks from CROBEX index is used.
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